Emergence of New Ideas and Religions

 Emergence of New Ideas and Religions

Q.1. Why did the Vedic religion become complex?

Q.2. What does the word ‘Upanishad’ mean?

Q.3. Mention the main Upanishads?

Q.4. What are Upanishads?

Q.5. Mention the Gods in various forms?

Q.6. What was the cause of the rise of Jainism and Buddhism?

Q.7. What was the actual name of Gautam Buddha?

Q.8. When and where was Gautam Buddha born?

Q.9. Who were the father and mother of Gautam Buddha?

Q.10. Who was the son of Gautam Buddha?

Q.11. Which incidents put Gautam Buddha on path to find the solution to the suffering of Mankind?

Q.12. Which event is called ‘The Great Renunciation’ in the life of Gautam Buddha?

Q.13. Where did Buddha deliver the first sermon and to whom?

Q.14. What is known as ‘Dharmachakra Pravartana’? Give another phrase for it?

Q.15. Which language was used by Gautam Buddha?

Q.16. What were the ‘ashtangika marga’ of Buddha’s teachings?

Q.17. What should be the main purpose of man’s life according to Buddha?

Q.18. What is the Bodhi Vriksha? Which temple stands around it?

Q.19. Buddhism divided into which two sects in the first century AD?

Q.20. What is Mahayana and what is Hinayana?

Q.21. What is ‘Tripitakas’ and what are Jataka Tales?

Q.22. Who is popularly known as Mahavira?

Q.23. Who is known as Tirthankaras? Which religion was born as a result of it?

Q.24. Explain about the family of Mahavira?

Q.25. Who was the first Tirthankara? Who was the last?

Q.26. What were the teachings of Mahavira?

Q.27. Which are the three jewels necessary to attain moksha?

Q.28. Jainism was divided into which two sects after the death of Mahavira?

Q.29. What are the features of the two sects of Jainism?

Q.30. How were Mahavir's original teachings preserved?

Q.31. Give two examples of Jain architecture?

Q.32. Where are the two sects of Jainism found in India?

Q.33. Where are the rules of Buddhist Sangha found?

Q.34. What were the members of the Buddhist Sangha called?

Q.35. What was the use of Viharas or Monasteries?How did they become popular?

Janapadas and Mahajanapadas

 Janapadas and Mahajanapadas

Q.1. What led to the formation of Janapadas?

Q.2. What were the Janapadas?

Q.3. What were Mahajanapadas?

Q.4. How many Mahajanapadas were there in the Ganga Valley in the sixth Century BC?

Q.5. Who was a ‘Purohita’?

Q.6. Who was a ‘Senani’?

Q.7. Who were ‘amatyas’?

Q.8. Mention three important republican mahajanapadas?

Q.9. Describe the republican mahajanapadas?

Q.10. Mention four monarchical mahajanapadas?

Q.11. Describe the monarchical mahajanapadas?

Q.12. Mention the 16 mahajanapadas in the early sixth century BC?

Q.13. State the differences between a Republic and a Kingdom?

Q.14. Give a brief account of Anga?

Q.15. Describe Champa?

Q.16. Give a brief account of Lichchharians of the Vajji confederacy?

Q.17. Describe the capital Vaishali of the Lichchhavians?

Q.18. Where was the second Buddhist Council held?

Q.19. Describe Magadha and its features?

Q.20. Who was the first ruler of Magadha?

Q.21. How did the first ruler of Magadha rule his state?

Q.22. What was the period of rule of the first ruler of Magadha?

Q.23. Who succeeded the first ruler of Magadha?

Q.24. Who was the last king of Magadha?

Q.25. Mention some important towns during the sixth century BC?

Q.26. Mention the important sea ports during the sixth century BC?

Q.27. Mention the four varnas developed during the sixth century BC?

Q.28. What was the function of the four varnas?

Q.29. Which words were used for a group of artisans and merchants?

Q.30. What were the four stages of life for the upper castes? What were their features?

Q.31. What led to the fall of the Magadha Kingdom?

Civilizations in River Valleys

 Civilizations in River Valleys

Q.1. What are the features of a civilization?

Q.2. Why is the name Indus Valley Civilization used? What is the other name for it?

Q.3. Name the two cities of the Indus culture which were first excavated?

Q.4. State the sites where Indus culture was found?

Q.5. Why did the earliest cities come up along the banks of rivers?

Q.6. Name four civilizations and their rivers along which they came up?

Q.7. Explain the architectural features of the cities of Indus Valley?

Q.8. Explain the buildings of the citadel?

Q.9. Explain the buildings of the lower town?

Q.10. Explain the drainage system of the Harappan cities?

Q.11. Which metals were used by the people of Harappan sites? How were they used?

Q.12. Which kinds of handicrafts were made by Indus people?

Q.13. Describe the seals of Harappan people?

Q.14. State the theories of the decline of Indus valley Civilization?

Q.15. Where is Lothal located?

Q.16. Name three Indus valley Cities and give a brief account of them?

Q.17. Which were the three main parts of Dholavira city?

Life in the Vedic Age

 Life in the Vedic Age

Q.1. When did the Harappan civilization decline?

Q.2. Where did Aryans live? Which name was given to their land by them?

Q.3. What is the source of information about the Aryans?

Q.4. Which period of history is known as Vedic Age?

Q.5. Name the four Vedas?

Q.6. Describe Rig Veda?

Q.7. Describe Sama Veda? 

Q.8. Describe Atharva Veda?

Q.9. Describe Yajur Veda?

Q.10. Mention the three parts of the four Vedas?

Q.11. Puranas exist in how many numbers? Name two popular Puranas?

Q.12. What were the most important literary evidences of the Vedic period?

Q.13. Who composed the original Ramayana?

Q.14. Who composed Ramcharita Manas? What is its feature?

Q.15. Describe Ramayana?

Q.16. Describe Mahabharata?

Q.17. Who composed Mahabharata?

Q.18. Give the importance of Kurukshetra?

Q.19. Which place is considered as the original place of the Vedic Civilization?

Q.20. Name the seven rivers where the Vedic Civilization originated?

Q.21. State the importance of Cow in the Vedic Period?

Q.22. Explain the administrative divisions of the Vedic Age?

Q.23. What were the main occupations of the Aryans?

Q.24. Describe agriculture in the Vedic Age?

Q.25. Mention the coins used during the Vedic Age?

The Early Humans

The Early Humans

Q.1. Where was the origin of mankind?

Q.2. Who are called Anthropoids?

Q.3. What is the stone age and what are its divisions?

Q.4. Give the extent of the Paleolithic Age?

Q.5. Give the extent of the Mesolithic Age?

Q.6. Give the extent of the Neolithic Age?

Q.7. Describe the Paleolithic Age?

Q.8. Which two types of tools were made by early man?

Q.9. What were core tools?

Q.10. What were flake tools?

Q.11. How was the fire discovered? What were its uses?

Q.12. Describe the Mesolithic Age?

Q.13. What was the food of Mesolithic people?

Q.14. Which animals were tamed by the people of the Mesolithic Age?

Q.15. Which was the first animal tamed by man?

Q.16. Where are the remains of the Paleolithic Age found in India?

Q.17. Where are the remains of the Mesolithic Age found in India?

Q.18. Describe the Neolithic Age?

Q.19. Which tools were used by people of the Neolithic Age?

Q.20. Where are the remains of the Neolithic Age found in India?

Q.21. What are the two main achievements of the man of the Neolithic Age?

Q.22. Which tools were invented by people of the Neolithic Age and for what purpose?

Q.23. Which fabrics were used by people of the Neolithic Age?

Q.24. What was used by people of the Neolithic age to carve statues?

Q.25. Which invention of the people of the Neolithic Age was used in transport?

Q.26. Wheel was used by people of the Neolithic Age for what purpose?

Q.27. What are the benefits of baking the clay pots?

Q.28. Which metal was discovered by the man first?

Q.29. Which period was known as the Chalcolithic period?

Q.30. Which period was a step toward the development of civilization?

Q.31. Explain the beginning of farming?

Q.32. Which cereals were first grown?

Q.33. Describe the beginning of settled life and early villages?

Q.34. Explain the beginning of herding?

Q.35. Which animals provide milk to people of stone age?

Q.36. Which animals were used for riding and ploughing the field in the stone age?

Q.37. Which product of animals were used as clothes?

Q.38. What is the importance of Mehrgarh?

 

People and their History

 People and their history

Q.1. Write about the origin of the word ‘history’.

Q.2. What is history?

Q.3. What are the divisions of history?

Q.4. What do you mean by pre-history?

Q.5. What do you mean by proto history?

Q.6. What is the importance of history?

Q.7. What kind of knowledge is given by history about our human culture and civilization?

Q.8. What are the sources of history?

Q.9. Which are the two categories of sources of history?

Q.10. What are the archaeological sources of history?

Q.11. What is archaeology and who are archaeologists?

Q.12. What forms the archaeological sources of history?

Q.13. What are inscriptions?

Q.14. What is epigraphy?

Q.15. How do coins help to know history?

Q.16. Which materials were used in history to mint coins?

Q.17. What is the study of coins called?

Q.18. How are monuments a source of history?

Q.19. How are tools and implements a source of history?

Q.20. How is pottery a source of history?

Q.21. How are skeleton and fossil remains a source of history?

Q.22. What are literary sources?

Q.23. What are manuscripts?

Q.24. Which knowledge is given by manuscripts?

Q.25. Name the religious literature of Hindus, Buddhism and Jains?

Q.26. What knowledge is imparted by religious literature?

Q.27. Which non-religious literature is part of history?

Q.28. What knowledge is imparted by non-religious literature?

Q.29. What are the constituents of historical literature?

Q.30. Which are the two types of time period in history?

Q.31. Explain BC?

Q.32. Explain AD?

Q.33. Explain the historical settlements along the banks of Narmada?

Q.34. Explain the historical settlement in areas along the Sulaiman and Kirthar hills?

Q.35. Where was rice first cultivated?

Q.36. Explain the historical settlement along the banks of the Ganga and its tributaries?

Q.37. How did the name India come into being?

Q.38. How did the name Bharat come into being?

Q.39. How did the name Hindu come into being?

Questions : Air Around Us

 Air  Around Us

Q.1. What is a wind?

Q.2. What is a storm?

Q.3. What is the use of a weather clock?

Q.4. Wind helps in the movement of what?

Q.5. Give two properties of air?

Q.6. What is the atmosphere?

Q.7. Why do mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders while climbing high mountains?

Q.8. What keeps the atmosphere in its place?

Q.9. Who discovered oxygen and in which year?

Q.10. Name the main gases present in the air.

Q.11. What is the fraction of Nitrogen in the air?

Q.12. Does nitrogen support combustion?

Q.13. What is the term used for the amount of water vapour present in the air?

Q.14. Which place has more humidity, Mumbai or Delhi?

Q.15. Humans give out which gas during respiration?

Q.16. Why do we feel suffocated, if some material is burning in a closed room with no ventilation?

Q.17. Which colour is given by carbon dioxide present in the air to lime water?

Q.18. Why do policemen wear masks in crowded crossings?

Q.19. Why should we breathe through the nose?

Q.20. Why do dolphins and whales come to the surface of water?

Q.21. How does oxygen become available to plants and animals living in water?

Q.22. Show with the help of an experiment that air is dissolved in water.

Q.23. How do organisms living in soil get oxygen to respire?

Q.24. What is the Oxygen cycle?

Q.25. What are the uses of air?